Principle parts are:

1. Present participant which always end with “ing.”

2. Past tense which express completed action in the past.

3. Past participle use in the perfect tense with a helping verb “had gone.”

4. Infinitive used with “to” (to live, to pass, to conquer)

Regular verb

1. Form their past and present participle aims by adding “d” or “ed” to the infinitive (chose, chosed), (pass, passed).

Remember, that the plural “e” of the infinitive is sometimes dropped when writing the present participle “to use” infinitive “using” present participle.

Note – The past participle or past endings “d” or “ed” firms up past particples or past tenses.

a) Incorrect – “I ask him the question.”
b) Correct – “I asked him the question.”

Irregular verb

These firm up past participles by changing the vowel on the consanant by adding “en.” If in doubt about the past perticiple or past, firms are irregular verbs, then consult the dictionary which lists the past and past participles of the irregular verbs.

Remember, the past participle, when used as a part of the main verb, always use the verb to be as a helper.

The past participles, when used as a part of the main verb, always use “have,” “has,” “had,” or a firm of “to be” as a helper.

Lie and Lay

Lie means to recline and does not take a direct object. Principle part are: lie, lay, lain, lying, (he lies down).

Lay means to place or put and it does take a direct object. Principle parts are: lay, laid, laying, laid, (lay that book on the table).

Rise and Raise

Rise means to go up its accord and it doesn’t need help. Rise in transitive. It does not take a direct object. For example, “the sun rises,” “the smoke rose.” Principle parts are: rise, rose, risen, rising.

Raise means to lift and it does need help. For example, “I raised the blind.” Principle parts are: raise, raised, raising.

Sit and Sat

Sit means to be in a sitting position. Principle part are: sit down, I sat down, sit, sat, sitting.

Sat means to place. Set does take a direct object. For example, “set that down,” “I set the table.” Principle parts are set and setting.

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