Market research doesn’t have to be sophisticated and expensive. While money can be spent to collect research data, there are many inexpensive ways to collect this data that are easily accessible to the small business owner.

Several of these methods are:

Employees

This is one of the best sources of information about customer likes and dislikes. Usually employees work more directly with customers and hear complaints that may not make it to the owner. They are also aware of the items customers request that the business doesn’t offer. They can probably also give a pretty good customer profile from their day-to-day contacts.

Customers

Talk to the customers to get a feel for your clientèle, and ask them where improvements can be made. Encouraging and collecting customer comments and suggestions is an effective form of research. By asking the customers to explain how the product could improve to fill their needs, constructive market research is done, as well as instilling customer confidence in the product.

Competition

Monitoring the competition can be a valuable source of information. Their activities may provide important information about customer demand that were overlooked, and they may be capturing part of the market by offering something unique. Likewise, small business owners can capitalize on unique points of their products that the competition does not offer.

Company records and files

Looking at company records and files can be very informative. Look at sales records, complaints, receipts, or any other records that can show you where your customers live or work or how and what they buy. One small business owner found that addresses on cash receipts allowed the pinpointing of customers in his market area. With this kind of information he/she could cross reference his/her customers’ address and the products they purchased. From this information he/she was able to check the effectiveness of their advertising placement. However, realize that this information represents the past. Present or future trends may mean that past information is too obsolete to be effective.

Your customers’ addresses alone can tell you a lot about them. You can pretty closely guess your customers’ life-style by knowing what the neighborhoods they live in are like. Knowing how they live can give you solid hints on what they can be expected to buy.

In addition, check returned items to see if there is a pattern. Check company files to determine which items sell best, and which sell poorly. Use creative methods to collect information. All market research doesn’t have to be done with numbers and surveys. It can be done with peanuts, as one creative discount merchandiser discovered.

During a three-day promotion the merchant gave away free to customers “…all the roasted peanuts you can eat while shopping our store.” By the end of the promotion the merchant had “litter trails” that provided information on the traffic pattern within the store. Trampled peanut hulls were littering the most heavily traveled store aisles and even heaping up in front of displays of merchandise of special interest to customers.

In short, the merchant learned how they acted in the store and what they wanted and observed their behavior. The key to effective marketing research is neither technique nor data – it’s useful information. Customers likes and dislikes are shifting constantly so this information must be timely. It’s much better to get there on time with a little than too late with a lot.

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Your marketing plan should recognize the various segments of the market for your product or service and indicate how to adjust your product to reach those distinct markets. Instead of marketing a product in one way to everyone, you must recognize that some segments are not only different, but better than others for your product.

This approach can be helpful in penetrating markets that would be too broad and undefined without segmentation. No matter what you are making or selling, take the total market and divide it up like a pie chart. The divisions can be based on various criteria.

Demographics- This is the study of the distribution, density and vital statistics of a population, and includes such characteristics as:

Sex.
Age.
Education.
Geographic location.
Home ownership versus rental.
Marital status.
Size of family unit.
Total income of family unit.
Ethnic or religious background.
Job classification, blue collar versus salaried or professional.

Psychographics- This is the study of how the human characteristics of consumers may have a bearing on their response to products, packaging, advertising and public relations efforts. Behavior may be measured as it involves an interplay among these broad sets of variables:

Predisposition- What is there about a person’s past culture, heredity or upbringing that may influence his or her ability to consider purchasing one new product or service versus another?

Influences- What are the roles of social forces such as education, peer pressure or group acceptance in dictating a person’s consumption patterns?

Product Attributes- What the product is or can be made to represent in the minds of consumers has a significant bearing on whether certain segments will accept the concept. These attributes may be suggested by the marketer or perceived by the customer.

Some typical ways of describing a product include:

1. Price/value perception- Is the item worth the price being asked?

2. Taste- Does it have the right amount of sweetness or lightness?

3. Texture- Does it have the accepted consistency or feel?

4. Quality- What can be said about the quality of the ingredients or lack of artificial ingredients?

5. Benefits- How does the consumer feel after using the product?

6. Trust- Can the consumer rely on this particular brand? What about the reputation of the manufacturer in standing behind the product?

In conclusion- Life Style. Statements consumers make about themselves through conspicuous consumption can be put to good use by research people who read the signals correctly. By studying behavioral variables, such as a person’s use of time, services and products, researchers can identify some common factors that can predict future behavior determining which marketing segment relates directly towards the products or services being sold.

The real key to successful marketing is to identify the market segments you wish to reach and then tabulate the results of your marketing efforts until you find out what works best for you, and then keep repeating your successes.

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Market research doesn’t have to be sophisticated and expensive. While money can be spent to collect research data, there are many inexpensive ways to collect this data that are easily accessible to the small business owner. Several of these methods are:

Employees

This is one of the best sources of information about customer likes and dislikes. Usually employees work more directly with customers and hear complaints that may not make it to the owner. They are also aware of the items customers request that the business doesn’t offer. They can probably also give a pretty good customer profile from their day-to-day contacts.

Customers

Talk to the customers to get a feel for your clientele, and ask them where improvements can be made. Encouraging and collecting customer comments and suggestions is an effective form of research. By asking the customers to explain how the product could improve to fill their needs, constructive market research is done, as well as instilling customer confidence in the product.

Competition

Monitoring the competition can be a valuable source of information. Their activities may provide important information about customer demand that were overlooked, and they may be capturing part of the market by offering something unique. Likewise, small business owners can capitalize on unique points of their products that the competition does not offer.

Company records and files

Looking at company records and files can be very informative. Look at sales records, complaints, receipts, or any other records that can show you where your customers live or work or how and what they buy. One small business owner found that addresses on cash receipts allowed the pinpointing of customers in his market area. With this kind of information he could cross reference his customers’ address and the products they purchased. From this information he was able to check the effectiveness of his advertising placement. However, realize that this information represents the past. Present or future trends may mean that past information is too obsolete to be effective.

Your customers’ addresses alone can tell you a lot about them. You can pretty closely guess your customers’ life-style by knowing what the neighborhoods they live in are like.  Knowing how they live can give you solid hints on what they can be expected to buy.

In addition, check returned items to see if there is a pattern. Check company files to determine which items sell best, and which sell poorly.

Use creative methods to collect information. All market research doesn’t have to be done with numbers and surveys. It can be done with peanuts, as one creative discount merchandiser discovered. During a three-day promotion the merchant gave away free to customers…” all the roasted peanuts you can eat while shopping our store.” By the end of the promotion the merchant had litter trails that provided information on the traffic pattern within the store. Trampled peanut hulls were littering the most heavily traveled store aisles and even heaping up in front of displays of merchandise of special interest to customers. In short, the merchant learned how they acted in the store and what they wanted and observed their behavior.

The key to effective marketing research is neither technique nor data – it’s useful information. Customers likes and dislikes are shifting constantly so this information must be timely. It’s much better to get there on time with a little than too late with a lot.

Continue reading...